Cross-Resistance Patterns among Lucilia cuprina (Diptera: Calliphoridae) Resistant to Organophosphorus Insecticides

Abstract

Strains of Lucilia cuprina (Wiedemann) have been characterized as having low, intermediate, or high levels of esterase-mediated hydrolysis of the organophosphorus insecticide, chlorfenvinphos. These levels correlate respectively with susceptibility to organophosphorus insecticides, malathion resistance, or diazinon resistance. Diazinon and chlorfenvinphos are diethyl organophosphorus insecticides having 2 ethoxy groups attached to their central phosphorus atom, whereas malathion is a dimethyl organophosphorus insecticide having 2 methoxy groups attached to its phosphorus atom, and, unusually, malathion also has 2 carboxylester bonds in addition to the phosphoester bonds that define organopho..