Quantitative assessment of gait determinants during single stance via a three-dimensional model-Part 1. Normal gait

Abstract

In this two-part paper, a variety of three-dimensional, dynamical models are constructed for simulating the single support phases of normal and pathological human gait. A major objective of this work is to quantify the influence of individual gait determinants on the ground reaction forces generated during normal, level walking. To this end, Part 1 presents a three-dimensional, seven degree-of-freedom model incorporating five of the six fundamental determinants of gait. On the basis of crude muscle-force and/or joint-moment trajectories, body-segmental motions and ground reaction forces are synthesized open loop. Through a quantitative comparison with experimental gait data, the model's pred..