Journal article
The harms of smoking and benefits of smoking cessation in women compared with men with type 2 diabetes: An observational analysis of the ADVANCE (Action in Diabetes and Vascular Disease: Preterax and Diamicron modified release Controlled Evaluation) trial
JI Blomster, M Woodward, S Zoungas, GS Hillis, S Harrap, B Neal, N Poulter, G Mancia, J Chalmers, R Huxley
BMJ Open | Published : 2016
Abstract
Objectives: In general populations, the adverse effects of smoking on coronary risk have been demonstrated to be greater in women than in men; whether this is true for individuals with diabetes is unclear. Design: Cohort study. Setting: 20 countries worldwide participating in the ADVANCE (Action in Diabetes and Vascular Disease: Preterax and Diamicron modified release Controlled Evaluation) trial. Participants: 11 140 patients with type 2 diabetes aged ≥55 years and in cardiovascular risk at the time of randomisation. Primary and secondary outcome measures: Major cardiovascular events (death from cardiovascular disease, non-fatal stroke or non-fatal myocardial infarction (MI)), all cardiovas..
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Awarded by National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Acknowledgements
The ADVANCE study was supported by Servier (the major financial sponsor) and the National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia, grant numbers 211086 and 358395. JC and SH have received research grants from Servier, administered through the University of Sydney. NP received grants from the University of Sydney during the conduct of the ADVANCE study.