The effects of gesture and movement training on the intonation of children's singing in vocal warm-up sessions

Abstract

The main purpose of the current study was to examine the effects of gesture and movement training for beginning children's choirs with regard to improving intonation. It was a between-subjects design with one independent variable Training Technique (TT). One dependent variable was measured: intonation in the singing of vocal pattern warm-up exercises. Fifty-three fifth grade students (10-11 years old) participated in the empirical investigation. They were randomly assigned into three training groups: (1) Group 1 - students who received no gesture and movement training; (2) Group 2 - students who received gesture training; and (3) Group 3 - students who received gesture and movement training...