Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor inhibits HIV-1 replication in monocyte-derived macrophages

Abstract

Background: Previous studies of the effect of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) on HIV-1 replication in macrophages have had inconsistent results, variously reporting no effect, augmentation or inhibition of viral replication. Objective: To investigate the regulation of HIV-1 in monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM) by GM-CSF in vitro. Methods: The role of GM-CSF on HIV-1 replication was assessed as supernatant and intracellular p24 antigen concentrations and by HIV-1 DNA and mRNA production under different culture conditions. Expression of CD4 and CCR5 receptors was examined. The effect of GM-CSF with an E21R mutation, which binds only to the α-chain of GM-CSF receptor,..