Immune response in breast cancer brain metastases and their microenvironment: The role of the PD-1/PD-L axis

R Duchnowska; R Peksa; B Radecka; T Mandat; T Trojanowski; B Jarosz; B Czartoryska-Arłukowicz; WP Olszewski; W Och; E Kalinka-Warzocha; W Kozłowski; A Kowalczyk; S Loi; W Biernat; J Jassem

Journal article

Immune response in breast cancer brain metastases and their microenvironment: The role of the PD-1/PD-L axis

R Duchnowska, R Peksa, B Radecka, T Mandat, T Trojanowski, B Jarosz, B Czartoryska-Arłukowicz, WP Olszewski, W Och, E Kalinka-Warzocha, W Kozłowski, A Kowalczyk, S Loi, W Biernat, J Jassem

Breast Cancer Research | BMC | Published : 2016

DOI: 10.1186/s13058-016-0702-8

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Abstract

Background: A better understanding of immune response in breast cancer brain metastases (BCBM) may prompt new preventive and therapeutic strategies. Methods: Immunohistochemical expression of stromal tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs: CD4, CD8, CTLA4), macrophage/microglial cells (CD68), programmed cell death protein 1 receptor (PD-1), programmed cell death protein 1 receptor ligand (PD-L)1, PD-L2 and glial fibrillary acid protein was assessed in 84 BCBM and their microenvironment. Results: Median survival after BCBM excision was 18.3 months (range 0-99). Median number of CD4+, CD8+ TILs and CD68+ was 49, 69 and 76 per 1 mm2, respectively. PD-L1 and PD-L2 expression in BCBM was present in..

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