Recovery: An international perspective

Abstract

Aims - To review developments in recovery-focussed mental health services internationally. Methods - Two forms of 'recovery' which have been used in the literature are considered, and international examples of recovery-focussed initiatives reviews. A 'litmus test' for a recovery-focussed service is proposed. Results - 'Clinical recovery' has emerged from professional literature, focuses on sustained remission and restoration of functioning, is invariant across individuals, and has been used to establish rates of recovery. 'Personal recovery' has emerged from consumer narratives, focuses on living a satisfying, hopeful and contributing life even with limitations caused by the illness, varies ..