Finite-state recall revealed by backward learning curves constructed from confidence ratings

Abstract

Two experiments were carried out to show that the constancy of Type II d' in recall is not an artifact, but is due to finite-state processes as suggested by Bernbach (1967). The following conclusions were reached: (1) The constancy of Type II d' is not an artifact due to the inclusion of intralist intrusions in the class of incorrect responses; (2) backward learning curves constructed from confidence ratings gave clear evidence of all-or-none recall; (3) recall appeared to be all or none whether the subjects learned by rote or with a mnemonic; (4) the discriminability index derived from Luce's (1959) choice theory did not exhibit constancy over trials, unlike Type II d' and despite the fact ..