Journal article
Liquefaction features produced by the 2010-2011 Canterbury earthquake sequence in southwest Christchurch, New Zealand, and preliminary assessment of Paleoliquefaction features
P Villamor, P Almond, MP Tuttle, M Giona-Bucci, RM Langridge, K Clark, W Ries, SH Bastin, A Eger, M Vandergoes, MC Quigley, P Barker, F Martin, J Howarth
Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America | SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER | Published : 2016
DOI: 10.1785/0120150223
Abstract
Liquefaction features and the geologic environment in which they formed were carefully studied at two sites near Lincoln in southwest Christchurch. We undertook geomorphic mapping, excavated trenches, and obtained hand cores in areas with surficial evidence for liquefaction and areas where no surficial evidence for liquefaction was present at two sites (Hardwick and Marchand). The liquefaction features identified include (1) sand blows (singular and aligned along linear fissures), (2) blisters or injections of subhorizontal dikes into the topsoil, (3) dikes related to the blows and blisters, and (4) a collapse structure. The spatial distribution of these surface liquefaction features correla..
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Funding Acknowledgements
We thank the Hardwick and Marchand families for land access. Caroline Hardwick provided invaluable information, including an extensive photographic record of the liquefaction events. Canterbury Regional Council (ECAN) acquired light detection and ranging (lidar) and aerial photography and made it available for research purposes. Numerous colleagues from the University of Canterbury, Lincoln University, and University of Madrid assisted with fieldwork and discussions. Bella Ansell and Kathleen Turner assisted with GIS work. Mark Stirling, Graeme McVerry, and Chris Van Houtte helped with peak ground acceleration calculations. Radiocarbon ages were provided by Rafter Radiocarbon Laboratory, GNS Science. Dougal Townsend and Jon Carey provided GNS Science internal reviews. Two anonymous reviewers and Associate Editor Yann Klinger provided constructive reviews that greatly improved this article. This study is funded by the New Zealand Earthquake Commission, the New Zealand National Hazards Platform, and GNS Development and Core funds.