Prediction of urban residential end-use water demands by integrating known and unknown water demand drivers at multiple scales I: Model development

Abstract

Detailed prediction of water demand by their end-uses at multiple scales is essential to support planning of Integrated Urban Water Management, an increasingly applied approach to deal with the problem of water scarcity. This paper presents an urban residential water demand modeling framework that can predict end-use water demand at multiple scales, especially at small scales with a robust explanatory capacity. This is achieved by integrating the complex water demand dynamics of urban residential water use and their underlying variables into a single model. The model described in this study can predict shower, toilet, tap, dishwasher, clothes washer, irrigation, evaporative cooler, bath, and..