Utilization of CO₂ for fuels and chemicals

Abstract

Since the industrial revolution, carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration in the atmosphere has increased significantly owing to human activities, causing climate change and global warming. Furthermore, the depletion of fossil fuel reserves owing to ever-growing consumption is another critical problem that threatens our civilization. Thus, innovative and global-scale solutions are required. One potential solution involves capturing CO2 from concentrated sources or the atmosphere and then converting it into high-value chemicals and liquid fuels. Urea, salicylic acid, carbonates, and so on, are examples of some commercial industries where CO2 is used as a feedstock since the nineteenth century. Carb..