The Role of Antigen Presentation and Innate Immunity During Immune Induction by Particulate Antigens

Abstract

While nonliving vaccines are considered safer than live attenuated vaccines, they often require the addition of immune stimulants known as adjuvants, which enhance adaptive and memory immune responses generated to the vaccine. Adjuvants can also influence the type of immune response generated, enhancing the selectivity and specificity of the vaccine. The ability of adjuvants to enhance vaccine immune outcomes has several benefits in a clinical setting, including reducing antigen dosage and decreasing the number of vaccinations required to successfully immunize a patient.