Pindolol augmentation of antidepressants: A review and rationale

Abstract

Objective: To critically review the literature on clinical trials in which pindolol, a 5HT1A receptor antagonist, has been used to augment the effects of antidepressants in patients with depression and to examine the pharmacodynamics and pharmaco-kinetics that may underlie such augmentations. Method: The available literature from the previous 10 years relating to the clinical use of pindolol in combination with antidepressants was critically examined. This was placed in the context of its pharmacodynamic rationale, and evidence supporting its use was critically reviewed. Results: A number of open-label and placebo-controlled, double-blind trials on patients with depression showed conflicting..