Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ ligands differentially modulate muscle cell differentiation MyoD gene expression via peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ-dependent -independent pathways

Abstract

The effects of distinct classes of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) ligands on myogenesis and MyoD gene expression were examined in mouse skeletal muscle C2C12 myoblasts. Treatment of C2C12 cells with the PPARγ ligand, 15-deoxy-Δ12,14-prostaglandin J2 (15d-PGJ2), repressed morphologically defined myogenesis and reduced endogenous mRNA levels of the myogenic differentiation markers MyoD, myogenin, and α-actin. In contrast, two synthetic PPARy ligands, L-805645 and ciglitazone, exhibited no effects. In transient transfection assays, 15d-PGJ2 specifically inhibited the expression of a MyoD promoter-luciferase reporter gene (MyoDLuc) in a cell type- and promoter-specific mann..