Genomic distribution and functional characterisation of two distinct and conserved Plasmodium falciparum var gene 5' flanking sequences

Abstract

Approximately 50 highly diverse var genes distributed throughout the haploid genome of the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum code for PfEMP1 variants located on the surface of infected erythrocytes. PfEMP1 is involved in cytoadherence of parasitised red blood cells and undergoes antigenic variation through differential expression of var genes. Members of the var gene family are located in chromosome-internal positions on chromosomes 4, 7, 8 and 12, and in subtelomeric regions of all chromosomes. Here we show that there are two distinct and conserved types of 5' upstream regions (var 17- type and 5B1-type) of var genes, and suggest that most subtelomeric var genes are flanked by a var17-..