Ocular manifestations of psychiatric diseases

Abstract

Given the complex neuro-biologic origins of many psychiatric disorders it is little surprise that there are varied ophthalmic manifestations. The most frequent overlap occurs with somatic symptom and related disorders (nonorganic visual loss and factitious disorder), neurodevelopmental disorders (tics, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder & specific learning disorders) and feeding and eating disorders (anorexia nervosa). Psychiatric disorders are classified and defined according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) throughout this chapter. Where known the pathophysiology of the reported ophthalmic manifestations is discussed.