Understanding the Impact of Hybrid Water Supply Systems on Wastewater and Stormwater Flows

Abstract

This paper analyses the impacts of various hybrid water supply systems, conceptualised as the combination of centralized and decentralized water supply systems, on wastewater and stormwater flows and contaminants. The analysis comprises of seven alternative scenarios: i) centralized only, ii) centralized along with recycled water, iii) centralized along with treated greywater, iv) centralized along with rainwater harvesting, v) centralized along with stormwater harvesting, vi) centralized along with greywater tanks and stormwater harvesting and vii) centralized along with rainwater harvesting and recycled water. The water, wastewater and stormwater flows and associated wastewater and stormwa..