Incorporation of variable-speed pumping in multiobjective genetic algorithm optimization of the design of water transmission systems

Abstract

Global warming caused by human activities presents serious global risks. Individuals, governments, and industries need to be more energy efficient and contribute to the mitigation of global warming by reducing their greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. In previous research, GHG emission reduction has been identified as one important criterion in improving the sustainability of urban infrastructure and urban water systems.Within the water industry, opportunities exist for reducing GHG emissions by improving pumping efficiency via the use of variable-speed pumps (VSPs). Previously, VSPs have been used in the optimization of the operation of existing water distribution systems (WDSs). However, in WD..