Water distribution system optimisation accounting for a range of future possible carbon prices

Abstract

Climate change, especially global warming caused by human activities presents serious global risks. Mitigating global warming by reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions is a unique challenge facing our generation. In order to tackle this challenge, many measures are being developed, among which carbon trading is a popular one. In this paper, a new paradigm for the design of water distribution systems (WDSs) is being developed under a possible emission trading scheme. In this paradigm, minimisation of the costs of GHG emissions is incorporated into the optimisation of WDSs either as one part of the objective or as a second objective. A multi-objective genetic algorithm (MOGA) called WSMGA (wa..