Distinct localized reentrant drivers in persistent atrial fibrillation identified by noninvasive mapping. Relation to f-wave morphology

Abstract

Noninvasive mapping overcomes previous barriers to provide panoramic beat-to-beat mapping during atrial fibrillation (AF). This article demonstrates the utility of noninvasive mapping in identifying localized driving sources in persistent AF. Reentrant driver activity detected by noninvasive mapping from specific regions correlated with distinct f-wave morphologies. Ablation targeting these drivers resulted in progressive AF cycle length prolongation and termination of the arrhythmia.