Outcomes of the Warden procedure for partial anomalous pulmonary venous drainage in children

Abstract

OBJECTIVES: When drainage of an anomalous pulmonary vein is high into the superior vena cava (SVC), traditional techniques of 1-patch or 2-patch repair may be challenging. The cavoatrial anastomosis technique (the Warden procedure) was developed to reduce the risk of sinus node dysfunction and SVC obstruction. Herein, we describe the outcomes of the Warden procedure in children at a single institution. METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted on all children with partial anomalous pulmonary venous drainage (PAPVD) undergoing the Warden procedure from 1996 to 2015. RESULTS: There were 42 PAPVD patients with a right upper pulmonary vein entering into the SVC undergoing the Warden procedure..