Identification of Indonesian Glade 2.1 highly pathogenic influenza A(H5N1) viruses with N294S and S246N neuraminidase substitutions which further reduce oseltamivir susceptibility

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Funding Acknowledgements

We would like to thank the veterinary and diagnostic scientists of the regional Disease Investigation Centers (DIC) in Indonesia, and the Diagnosis, Surveillance and Response group of the CSIRO Australian Animal Health Laboratory (AAHL) for collection of samples, diagnosis and culture of viruses and DNA sequencing. The support and encouragement of the Director of Animal Health, Directorate General of Livestock and Animal Health Services, Ministry of Agriculture, Indonesia is gratefully acknowledged. This work was supported and partially funded by the US Agency for International Development (USAID) under the OSRO/INS/703/USA project "Monitoring AI virus variants in Indonesia poultry and defining an effective and sustainable vaccination strategy". The AAHL Facility is supported by the Australian Government Department of Agriculture and Water Resources and the National Collaborative Research Infrastructure Strategy (NCRIS).