The utility of noninvasive mapping in persistent atrial fibrillation ablation

Abstract

Noninvasive mapping allows unprecedented panoramic beat-to-beat mapping of atrial fibrillation (AF) and its underlying dynamic processes. This provides an individualized framework to guide catheter ablation of persistent AF. This chapter discusses the utility of noninvasive mapping in persistent AF ablation, including the methodology, the identification of localized AF reentrant and focal drivers, current experience and results, strengths and limitations, and future areas of study. Body surface noninvasive mapping has been validated in numerous cardiac arrhythmias, including focal atrial tachycardias (ATs), macroreentrant ATs, Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome, ventricular arrhythmias and AF. T..