Journal article
Onset symptoms, Tobacco smoking, and progressive-onset phenotype are associated with a delayed onset of multiple sclerosis, and marijuana use with an earlier onset
C Tao, S Simpson, BV Taylor, L Blizzard, RM Lucas, AL Ponsonby, S Broadley, I van der Mei, K Dear, T Dwyer, T Kilpatrick, D Williams, J Lechner-Scott, C Shaw, C Chapman, A Coulthard, MP Pender, P Valery
Frontiers in Neurology | FRONTIERS MEDIA SA | Published : 2018
Abstract
Background: Age at symptom onset (ASO) is a prognostic factor that could affect the accrual of disability in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. Some factors are known to influence the risk of multiple sclerosis (MS), but their influence on the ASO is less well-investigated. Objective: Examine the associations between known or emerging MS risk factors and ASO. Methods: This was a multicenter study, incident cases (n = 279) with first clinical diagnosis of demyelinating event aged 18-59 years recruited at four Australian centres (latitudes 27°-43°S), from 1 November 2003 to 31 December 2006. Environmental/behavioral variables and initial symptoms were recorded at baseline interview. Linear regr..
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Awarded by Australian Research Council
Funding Acknowledgements
The work was supported by the National Multiple Sclerosis Society of the United States of America (Award RG3364A1/2), the National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia (APP316901 and 224215), the Australian Research Council, The Royal Australasian College of Physicians, the ANZ William Buckland Foundation, Multiple Sclerosis Research Australia and Bayer Schering Pharma and Biogen Idec. Funding sources did not contribute to the design and conduct of the study, management, analysis or interpretation of the data or approval of the manuscript.