Diabetes associated with immune checkpoint inhibition: presentation and management challenges

Abstract

Background: In recent years, immune checkpoint blockade has become a standard therapy for a wide range of cancers. Adverse events, including endocrinopathies, result from the induction of autoimmunity. Case report: We report a case series of nine individuals who presented with immunotherapy-induced Type 1 diabetes between 2015 and 2017. Onset of diabetes occurred within 12 weeks of commencing therapy. Anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies were present in six people. Retrospective testing of islet antibodies in pre-treatment samples was possible in two people and this revealed anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase seroconversion in the first and high anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase titres p..