Elevation of cerebrospinal fluid cytokine/chemokines involved in innate, T cell, and granulocyte inflammation in pediatric focal cerebral arteriopathy

Abstract

AIM: To determine the role of inflammation in pediatric transient focal cerebral arteriopathy using cerebrospinal fluid cytokine/chemokines as biomarkers. METHODS: We measured 32 cytokine/chemokines in acute cerebrospinal fluid collected from children with stroke due to focal cerebral arteriopathy (n = 5) using multiplex immunoassay and compared with two patients with arterial ischemic stroke due to other causes (non-focal cerebral arteriopathy group, vertebral dissection, n = 1; cryptogenic, n = 1), pediatric encephalitis (n = 43), and non-inflammatory neurological disease controls (n = 20). RESULTS: Median age in the focal cerebral arteriopathy group was 9.3 years (range, 2.8-13 years). In..