Two-point ultrasound-guided transversus abdominis plane injection in canine cadavers – a pilot study

Abstract

Objective: This study evaluated the spread of a two-point transversus abdominis plane (TAP) injection in canine cadavers. Compared with previous techniques, the two-point TAP injection was developed to increase the consistency of local anaesthetic spread to the nerve segments T11, T12, L1, L2 and L3. Study design: Prospective experimental trial. Animals: Five fresh canine cadavers. Methods: Two-point TAP injections were performed under ultrasound guidance by a single trained individual in canine cadavers (15.7–43.0 kg). Each hemi-abdomen was infiltrated and evaluated independently for a total of 10 evaluations of the technique. The first injection was performed at the level of the costo-chon..