Journal article
Antitumor effects of all-trans retinoic acid and its synergism with gemcitabine are associated with downregulation of p21-activated kinases in pancreatic cancer
K Wang, GS Baldwin, M Nikfarjam, H He
American Journal of Physiology Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology | AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC | Published : 2019
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) is one of the most lethal malignancies worldwide. All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) has been used as an antistromal agent in PDA, and its antitumor effect has also been reported in various kinds of cancer, including PDA. Inhibition of p21-activated kinases (PAKs) is associated with decreased tumor growth and increased gemcitabine sensitivity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the inhibitory effects of ATRA alone and in combination with gemcitabine on cell growth and migration of wildtype and gemcitabine-resistant PDA cells and the potential mechanism(s) involved. Human (MiaPaCa-2) and murine (TB33117) PDA cell lines were incubated in increasing concent..
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Funding Acknowledgements
K. Wang was supported by a Melbourne International Fee Remission Scholarship, a Melbourne International Research Scholarship, and the Moshe Sambor Scholarship (Pancare Foundation).