Trajectories of Emotional and Conduct Problems and Their Association With Early High School Achievement and Engagement for Adolescents With ADHD

Abstract

Objective: This study aimed to (a) identify longitudinal trajectories of emotional and conduct problems from middle childhood to early adolescence in a sample of 130 adolescents diagnosed with ADHD and (b) examine trajectories in relation to early adolescent academic achievement and engagement. Method: Group-based trajectory models (GBTMs) were constructed from the parent-rated strengths and difficulties questionnaire (SDQ) subscales of emotional and conduct problems at three time points, mean ages 10.7 years, 11.6 years, and 13.7 years. Associations between trajectories and adolescent academic achievement and engagement were examined using multivariate regression. Results: Four distinct tra..