Recent advances in alkaline cement binders: A review

Abstract

Alkaline cement binders offer innovative and ingenious solutions to combat global energy demand, waste generation, and greenhouse emissions. In their production, alkaline binders consume waste materials with less energy and emit less carbon dioxide compared to ordinary Portland cement. In this review paper, a prime materials-based classification method was used to summarize the recently reported alkaline binders which comprised with the types of coal ash-based, clay-based, slag-based, and mine waste-based. These alkaline binders were further sub-divided into co-binder types, depending on the additional binder incorporated to modify and enhance the cementitious properties. This paper summaris..