TTC12-ANKK1-DRD2 and CHRNA5-CHRNA3-CHRNB4 Influence Different Pathways Leading to Smoking Behavior from Adolescence to Mid-Adulthood

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Funding Acknowledgements

Parts of the article were presented as a poster at the XVII World Congress of Psychiatric Genetics, San Diego, California, November 4-8, 2009, and the poster presentation was awarded with an Early Career Investigator award within the category "alternative phenotypes, gene-gene, and gene-environment interaction." We thank Professor (Emerita) Paula Rantakallio, who initiated the Northern Finland Birth Cohort studies. Recently, we lost our distinguished colleague and co-author Professor Leena Peltonen. We acknowledge her major contributions in human genetics. All authors report no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest. The funding sources played no role in the design or conduct of the study; in the collection, management, analysis, or interpretation of the data; or in the preparation, review, or approval of the manuscript.