Journal article
TTC12-ANKK1-DRD2 and CHRNA5-CHRNA3-CHRNB4 influence different pathways leading to smoking behavior from adolescence to mid-adulthood
F Ducci, M Kaakinen, A Pouta, AL Hartikainen, J Veijola, M Isohanni, P Charoen, L Coin, C Hoggart, J Ekelund, L Peltonen, N Freimer, P Elliott, G Schumann, MR Jürvelin
Biological Psychiatry | ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC | Published : 2011
Abstract
Background: CHRNA5-CHRNA3-CHRNB4 and TTC12-ANKK1-DRD2 gene-clusters influence smoking behavior. Our aim was to test developmental changes in their effects as well as the interplays between them and with nongenetic factors. Methods: Participants included 4762 subjects from a general population-based, prospective Northern Finland 1966 Birth Cohort (NFBC 1966). Smoking behavior was collected at age 14 and 31 years. Information on maternal smoking, socioeconomic status, and novelty seeking were also collected. Structural equation modeling was used to construct an integrative etiologic model including genetic and nongenetic factors. Results: Several single nucleotide polymorphisms in both gene-cl..
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Awarded by University of London
Funding Acknowledgements
Parts of the article were presented as a poster at the XVII World Congress of Psychiatric Genetics, San Diego, California, November 4-8, 2009, and the poster presentation was awarded with an Early Career Investigator award within the category "alternative phenotypes, gene-gene, and gene-environment interaction." We thank Professor (Emerita) Paula Rantakallio, who initiated the Northern Finland Birth Cohort studies. Recently, we lost our distinguished colleague and co-author Professor Leena Peltonen. We acknowledge her major contributions in human genetics. All authors report no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest. The funding sources played no role in the design or conduct of the study; in the collection, management, analysis, or interpretation of the data; or in the preparation, review, or approval of the manuscript.