Pathophysiology/Pathogenesis of OSA

Abstract

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common disorder characterized by repetitive upper airway collapse during sleep. During upper airway collapse, ventilation is either reduced or completely ceases, resulting in progressive oxygen desaturation and elevation in the carbon dioxide level until the airway reopens, usually with a brief arousal from sleep. The repetitive blood gas abnormalities and brief arousals result in cardiovascular activation and sleep disturbance. There are multiple pathophysiologic traits which combine to result in OSA with the specific contribution of the different physiologic characteristics varying between individuals. Current treatments for OSA include continuous positiv..