Prevalence and risk factors for low bone density in adults with a Fontan circulation

Abstract

Objective and Patients: This study aimed to characterize bone mineral density abnormalities and pathophysiological associations in young adults living with a Fontan circulation. Design: Participants underwent bone mineral density measurement using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and serum biochemical analysis, cardiopulmonary exercise and strength testing and transthoracic echocardiography. Results: In our cohort (n = 28), 29% had osteopenic-range bone mineral density and one patient was osteoporotic (average hip t score: −0.6 ± 1.1; spine t score: −0.6 ± 0.9). Four patients (14%) had z scores < −2.0. Parathyroid hormone levels were increased compared with laboratory median (6.1 ± 3.5 vs 4 ..