Solar driven water heating systems for medium-rise residential buildings in urban mediterranean areas

Abstract

International Energy Agency reported that buildings are accountable for one-third of the global final energy demand in 2017. On-site renewable energy generation can reduce buildings' grid electricity consumptions. Medium-rise buildings located in urban areas have limited available rooftop or facade surfaces, thus solar driven technologies such as solar thermal, photovoltaics (PV) or photovoltaics/thermal (PV/T) are in competition for the available space. This investigation aims to compare available solar driven water heating systems in the market, suitable to replace the conventional electric water heater for a multi-residential building. Under the present study, solar PV electric water heat..