Journal article
Risk factors for chronic kidney disease of non-traditional causes: A systematic review
E Chapman, MM Haby, E Illanes, J Sanchez-Viamonte, V Elias, L Reveiz
Revista Panamericana De Salud Publica Pan American Journal of Public Health | PAN AMER HEALTH ORGANIZATION | Published : 2020
Open access
Abstract
Objectives. To evaluate the potential associations between chronic kidney disease of uncertain or nontraditional etiology (CKDnT) and agrochemicals, heat stress, heavy metals, and other factors identified in the literature in any region of the world and at any time. Methods. This was a systematic review of the most frequent exposures suspected to be possible causes of CKDnT. A search was conducted of PubMed, LILACS, World Wide Science electronic databases, among other sources. Only medium- and high-quality studies were included. The synthesis of evidence included a narrative synthesis, meta-analysis, and meta-regression. Results. Four systematic reviews and 61 primary studies were included. ..
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Funding Acknowledgements
This review was funded by PAHO/WHO. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of PAHO/WHO. The funders had no role in the study design, data collection or analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.