A new sustainable closed-loop supply chain model for mining industry considering fixed-charged transportation: A case study in a travertine quarry

Abstract

Mining industries in general and stone mining in particular play a vital-infrastructural role in any economy due to its vast impacts on other sectors such as construction, production, and even banking. The main purpose of this research is to investigate sustainability aspects of mining industry of decorative stone quarries in Iran in general and a specific case study in particular through a mathematical optimization approach. In this paper, a novel closed-loop approach is proposed for the first time (to the best of our knowledge) to be utilized in a real-case travertine quarry. Indeed, a stone quarry is considered and a closed-loop network is provided to determine appropriate strategies for ..