Factors Influencing Smoking Among Indigenous Adolescents Aged 10-24 Years Living in Australia, New Zealand, Canada, and the United States: A Systematic Review

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Smoking rates are higher among Indigenous populations in most high-income countries with initiation primarily occurring in adolescence for all population groups. This review aims to identify protective and risk factors for smoking behavior among Indigenous adolescents and young adults. AIMS AND METHODS: We searched Medline, Embase, and Psychinfo for all original research published between January 2006 and December 2016 that reported influences on smoking for Indigenous adolescents or young adults aged 10-24 living in Australia, New Zealand, Canada, and the United States (US). Extracted data were coded to individual, social, and environmental level categories using a modified Th..