Osteosarcopenia: The modern geriatric giant

Abstract

Osteoporosis, the most common bone disease in humans, shares distinct pathophysiological mechanisms with sarcopenia. Sarcopenia, characterized by low muscle strength, mass and physical performance, is an important disease in older adults. Where osteoporosis/osteopenia and sarcopenia are present, this is termed ‘osteosarcopenia.' A contemporary, comprehensive geriatric assessment should include assessment for osteosarcopenia and its associated risks, as this will enable effective management to reduce adverse outcomes. This chapter introduces the concept of osteosarcopenia as a geriatric syndrome, including its pathophysiology and assessment, and outlines current treatment options. We also des..