Osteosarcopenia: epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment—facts and numbers

Abstract

Background: Osteosarcopenia, the presence of osteopenia/osteoporosis and sarcopenia, is an emerging geriatric giant, which poses a serious global health burden. Methods and results: The prevalence of osteosarcopenia ranges in community-dwelling older adults [5–37% (≥65 years)] with the highest rates observed in those with fractures (low-trauma fracture: ~46%; hip fracture: 17.1–96.3%). Among 2353 community-dwelling adults, risk factors associated with osteosarcopenia include older age [men: 14.3% (60–64 years) to 59.4% (≥75 years); women: 20.3% (60–64 years) to 48.3% (≥75 years), P < 0.05], physical inactivity [inverse relationship: 0.64, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.46–0.88 (sexes combine..