Orbital Myositis: A Comprehensive Review and Reclassification

Abstract

Purpose: Orbital myositis occurs in typical and atypical forms. This review summarizes and updates the current state of knowledge of all forms of inflammation affecting extraocular muscle, excluding thyroid-associated orbitopathy. Methods: A comprehensive literature review of orbital myositis was performed. Results: Orbital myositis typically occurs in an idiopathic acute form, with painful diplopia due to inflammation in 1 or more extraocular muscles of young adult females, which usually responds to a course of oral corticosteroids. Atypical forms include idiopathic chronic or recurrent orbital myositis, and myositis related to systemic autoimmune, inflammatory, and infective condition..