A time-series network approach to auditory verbal hallucinations: Examining dynamic interactions using experience sampling methodology

Abstract

Background: Identifying variables that influence daily-life fluctuations in auditory verbal hallucinations (AVHs) provides insight into potential mechanisms and targets for intervention. Network analysis, that uses time-series data collected by Experience Sampling Method (ESM), could be used to examine relations between multiple variables over time. Methods: 95 daily voice-hearing individuals filled in a short questionnaire ten times a day for six consecutive days at pseudo-random moments. Using multilevel vector auto-regression, relations between voice-hearing and negative affect, positive affect, uncontrollable thoughts, dissociation, and paranoia were analysed in three types of networks: ..