Alternative kidney filtration markers and the risk of major macrovascular and microvascular events, and all-cause mortality in individuals with type 2 diabetes in the ADVANCE trial

Abstract

Background: Creatinine-based estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) is biased in the setting of obesity and other conditions. Alternative kidney filtration markers may be useful in adults with diabetes, but few studies examined the associations with risk of clinical outcomes. Methods: In the Action in Diabetes and Vascular Disease: Preterax and Diamicron Modified Release Controlled Evaluation (ADVANCE) trial, we evaluated whether baseline levels and change in eGFR based on creatinine (Cr), cystatin c (Cys), β2-microglobulin (B2M), eGFRCr-Cys, and the average of three estimates (eGFRCr-Cys-B2M) assessed in 7217 participants at baseline and a random sample of 640 participants at the 1-yea..