The influence of stage of illness on functional outcomes after psychological treatment in bipolar disorder: A systematic review

Abstract

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to advance understanding of stage of illness in bipolar disorder (BD), by interrogating the literature for evidence of an influence of stage of illness on functional (ie non-symptom) outcomes following psychosocial intervention. METHODS: A systematic literature search following PRISMA guidelines was conducted to identify empirical studies of psychosocial interventions for established BD. To investigate stage as a predictor of three functional outcomes (general/social functioning, cognitive functioning and quality of life [QoL]), study samples were dichotomised into earlier and later stage using proxy measures identified in existing staging models. Findin..