Estimates of the global reduction in liver disease-related mortality with increased coffee consumption: an analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Dataset

Abstract

Background: Epidemiological data suggest that coffee has a dose-dependent protective effect on liver-related mortality. Aim: To estimate the potential impact of increased per capita coffee consumption on global liver-related mortality. Methods: Using the Global Burden of Disease 2016 dataset (adults > 15 years), we modelled the impact of increased per capita coffee consumption on liver-related mortality in 2016 for 194 countries using published risk ratios for >2 cups coffee/ day (RR 0.54, 95% CI 0.42-0.69) and ≥4 cups/ day (RR 0.29, 95% CI 0.17-0.50), adjusted for confounders and tested model assumptions using sensitivity analyses. Results: Worldwide, there were an estimated 1,240,201 (95% ..