Surgical Management of Intramuscular Venous Malformations

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Intramuscular venous malformations, often erroneously called "intramuscular hemangiomas," present to pediatric orthopaedic surgeons either as a differential diagnosis of tumor or as a cause of muscle pain. Treatment options include injection sclerotherapy or surgery. There is some literature to indicate that sclerotherapy can reduce pain, but little evidence on the effectiveness of surgery. The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of surgical resection for intramuscular venous malformations, with a secondary aim to evaluate the natural history and presentation of intramuscular venous malformations to improve clinician understanding of this condition. METHODS: A ..