Ion exchange and temperature: development of mathematical model for the prediction of ion exchange equilibria with respect to temperature for a multi-component system

Abstract

Ion exchange is a versatile separation, purification and water treatment technology. The most important applications of ion exchange are found in the food and beverage, pharmaceutical, hydrometallurgical, metals finishing, nuclear, petrochemical, power and environmental waste management industries. Ion exchange has also found use for ion exchange chromatography and the remediation of contaminated soil in Antarctica. Prediction and modeling of ion exchange equilibria are essential for the design and development of efficient ion exchange processes. A broad survey of the published literature has shown that a number of semi-theoretical models have be..