Swallowing difficulties in Friedreich ataxia

Abstract

Swallowing is an important biological function reliant on the coordinated interaction between motor and sensory mechanisms. Swallowing dysfunction (dysphagia) is a common sequela of neurodegenerative disease and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Dysphagia is associated with malnutrition, dehydration, and aspiration-related pneumonia, and psychological issues such as reduced self-esteem and social isolation. For individuals with movement disorders, dysphagia can be exacerbated by concurrent upper limb impairment, making it difficult to feed independently. Friedreich ataxia (FRDA) is an autosomal recessive condition resulting in a deficiency of frataxin, most commonly d..