An Integrated Framework to Optimise Consolidating the Last Leg of Deliveries in the Inner-City

Abstract

Efficient and reliable freight delivery and pickup services are important for the functioning of retailers and businesses in the inner-city area as well as the consumption of products for residents, visitors and workers. Furthermore, the limited availability of affordable industrial land for logistics facilities and inefficient loading infrastructure in the inner-city coupled with the increasing demand for express and fragmented deliveries make it operationally difficult and economically cost-prohibitive for freight carriers to maintain offering reliable and low-cost delivery services to inner-city receivers. Policymakers and transport researchers have considered freight consolidation deli..