Evolution of salmon lice in response to management strategies: a review

Abstract

Ectoparasitic salmon lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) present a major challenge to Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) aquaculture. The demand for effective louse control has produced diverse management strategies. These strategies essentially impose novel selection pressures on parasite populations, driving the evolution of resistance. Here we assess the potential for salmon lice to adapt to current prevention and control methods. Lice have evolved resistance to at least four of five chemical therapeutants, and use of these chemicals has declined significantly in recent years. The industry has shifted to alternative non-chemical approaches, yet lice may adapt to these as well. Early research sugges..