ZnO nanomaterials: Green synthesis, toxicity evaluation and new insights in biomedical applications

Abstract

Nanotechnology has engraved new insight into the material sciences and zinc oxide nanomaterials (ZnO NMs) are one of the most extensively used materials in healthcare and environmental remediation applications attributable to their biodegradability and tunable physical and chemical properties. This review concentrates on three aspects of ZnO NMs. Firstly, we review green methods of the synthesis of ZnO NMs as an alternative to conventional synthesis routes as the latter pose environmental risks such as the requirement of hazardous and expensive precursors as well as production of unwanted end products. Also, green methods can produce important and diversified morphologies. Secondly, ZnO NMs ..